US3746075A - Electroslag system for the production of metal castings - Google Patents

Electroslag system for the production of metal castings Download PDF

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Publication number
US3746075A
US3746075A US00060168A US3746075DA US3746075A US 3746075 A US3746075 A US 3746075A US 00060168 A US00060168 A US 00060168A US 3746075D A US3746075D A US 3746075DA US 3746075 A US3746075 A US 3746075A
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United States
Prior art keywords
mold
consumable electrode
electroslag remelting
remelting system
electrode
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00060168A
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English (en)
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B Paton
B Medovar
J Latash
V Baglai
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Individual
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Priority claimed from SU1136880A external-priority patent/SU256799A1/ru
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT In an electroslag remelting system, a consumable electrode is immersed in a bath of molten slag formed in a mold. The electrode is maintained fixed relative to the mold and slag is added to the bath of molten slag to maintain the process of melting of the consumable electrode as the electrode melts.
  • the present invention relates to plants for the production of metal castings.
  • the invention relates to a plant for the electroslag remelting of consumable electrodes and can be used, in particular, to produce ingots from ballbearing, heat-resistant and high-strength construction steels and alloys.
  • a process of electroslag remelting consisting in that a pool of liquid slag is created in a cooled ingot mold, into which the lower ends of one or several metal blanks are immersed serving as a consumable electrode, an electric current being passed through the electrode and the slag pool.
  • the electric current causes the heat necessary for melting of the metal blank to be liberated in the slag pool; the metal melted off the blank is given the required shape in the ingot mold, forming a casting.
  • the cross section of the consumable electrode is much less than that of the mold space, and for this reason the height of the ingot obtained is much less than the length of the electrode being remelted.
  • the mold or the electrode must be moved so as to preclude breaking of the electric circuit which would take place if the electrode leaves the slag pool.
  • the known plants in particular, those described in Soviet Inventors Certificate No. 195,482, have mechanisms for moving the electrode or mold, which comprise carriages with an electrode holder or a platform with the mold, travelling along guide columns.
  • the guide columns are usually cumbersome and have a considerable height, especially in plants for casting ingots weighing over tons, and the mechanisms for moving the electrode or mold must have a large lifting capacity. It can therefore be stated that such plants are of a complicated design, require considerable working area and high shop structures.
  • An object of the present invention is to eliminate the above disadvantages and difficulties.
  • the specific object of the invention is to provide and a plant for the production of metal castings by electroslag remelting of a consumable electrode, in which, according to the invention, no mutual movement of the mold and the electrode is required to maintain the process of melting of the consumable electrode.
  • Disclosed in the present invention is an improved plant for producing metal castings by electroslag remelting of a consumable electrode in a cooled ingot mold.
  • remelting is run with the electrode in a fixed position relative to the mold, and with slag being added to the slag pool to maintain the process of melting of the consumable electrode as it is used up.
  • the slag pool can be constantly refreshed as new portions of the solid slag are melted, whereby refining of the metal is improved.
  • the taper of the electrode somewhat greater than that of the mold space to ensure that the height of the built-up ingot will be less than the length of the remelted portion of the electrode, and that with the slag pool moving in accordance with the ingot growth along the height of the mold, the depth of said pool should increase and insure the optimal ratio between the depth of the slag pool and the diameter of the mold space at the place of the slag pool location at the given moment.
  • tapered electrodes consists in that such electrodes can be produced by casting the metal in cast iron molds, whereas they were previously manufactured by forging, rolling or in continuous metal-casting plants.
  • the cross sectional dimensions of the electrode should be at least nine-tenths of the respective dimensions of the internal cross section of the mold. This is done to ensure that the depth of the slag pool at the end of melting should not exceed technologically tolerable limits.
  • this contact device is installed in the upper portion of the mold and is electrically insulated from it.
  • the mold In a plant for the production of tapered castings the mold is made of at least two parts split along a vertical plane, which can be connected to a mechanism for moving them apart when the ingot is being extracted.
  • An advantage of the invention as a whole resides, first of all, in the simplification and lower cost of the plants for electroslag remelting, and also in the simplification of their operation.
  • Another advantage stems from the high electrotechnical characteristics of the plants owing to the current conductors from the source of power to the plants having a comparatively short length and being arranged parallel to each other at a close distance (bifilarly). This, in turn, made it possible to reduce the resistance and inductive reactance of the electric circuit of the plant.
  • the invention made it possible to appreciably reduce the height of the plants and, accordingly, the height of the shop structures accommodating them, and also to reduce the floor space used.
  • FIG. 1 represents a schematic view of a plant according to the invention, with a tapered mold, used for effecting the process of producing metal castings;
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of the same plant, without the consumable electrode, the phantom lines showing the separated condition of the split mold;
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically the mutual arrangement of the consumable electrode and the mold, when the electrode and the mold have the same taper
  • FIG. 4 shows schematically the mutual arrangement of the consumable electrode and the mold, when the taper of the electrode is greater than that of the mold;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a plant according to the invention, with a cylindrical mold, used for effecting the process of producing metal castings.
  • the plant comprises a cooled tapered mold 1 widening upward and installed on a base 2 with a siphon device 3, which communicates by means of a duct 4 in the base 2 with a space 5 of the mold and serves for pouring liquid slag into the mold.
  • the top edge of the mold l carries current-feeding contact devices 7, insulated from the mold edge by means of a dielectric gasket 6, said contact devices 7 being made as two halfrings (see FIG. 2), connected via feeders 8 to a busbar 9, the latter being connected to a source of alternating or direct current (not shown).
  • a consumable tapered electrode 10 (an ingot cast in a cast iron mold being usable for the purpose), with a cross section close to the internal cross section of the mold l, is so placed in the latter that its lower end is immersed in the slag pool (not shown), said electrode bearing with its shoulder 11 that is in the upper portion thereof, against the contact devices 7.
  • two current-feeding contact devices 12 are also secured connected via feed ers 13 to a busbar 14, connected to the same source of current.
  • the electrode 10 can have the same taper as the mold, or a greater one.
  • Solid pulverized slag which is fed into the slag pool as the electrode 10 melts for stabilizing the process, is charged into the space between the electrode H0 and the mold 1 from a bin 15 along a chute 16 via a hole (not shown) in the shoulder ll of the electrode 10.
  • the latter For extracting the finished ingot (not shown) from the mold l the latter is made of two parts IA and IB, split along a vertical plane, each said part carrying said contact device 7 made as a half-ring.
  • the parts 11A and 1B of the mold l are moved apart for extracting the ingot by means of a mechanism 17, provided with turning levers 18- in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the mold l.
  • the levers 18 are connected to the parts HA and 1B of the mold.
  • An open mold is shown by the phantom lines in FIG. 2.
  • a novel feature of the plant described hereinabove is the design of the electrode 10 and the mold l which are made tapered, widening upward, with identical or close tapers, and also the fixed position of the electrode 10 relative to the mold 1.
  • the volume of the slag pool can be maintained by periodically feeding liquid slag into the gap between the electrode 10 and the mold 1. It is also possible to prefill this space with liquid slag and let it solidify owing to the intensive removal of heat through the walls of the mold 1 and the electrode 10. As the electrode 10 melts, the solidified slag will also drop into the slag pool under its own weight.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show the relation between the length of the melted portion of the electrode, the height of the built-up ingot and the depth of the slag pool in the process of remelting, depending on the taper of the electrode 10 and the mold 1.
  • angles a and B of taper of the mold 1 (FIG. 3) and of the electrode 10, respectively, are equal and the depth h of the slag pool is specified, it is possible to insure, in the process of melting, the equality of the cross sectional areas of the electrode 10 at the place where its melting begins (levels AA or A'A along the surface of the slag pool at the beginning and the end of the melting process, respectively) and of the surface of a metal bath I9 and 19' (levels BB or BB') of an ingot 20 being built up.
  • the depths h and h of the slag pool are constant, but the ratio between the depth of the slag pool and the diameter of the mold (at the place where the slag pool is located) decreases, whereby the discharge gap 6' between the electrode 10 and the surface of the metal bath H9 at the end of the process becomes less than the discharge gap '0 at the beginning of Upon completion of the melting process the stub of the electrode is removed and the ingot 20 is extracted from the mold.
  • the plant in contrast to the first one, the plant comprises a prismatic or cylindrical mold 21, in which a prismatic or tapered electrode 22 is similarly installed, said electrode 22 bearing with its shoulder 23 against an annular currentfeeding contact device 24 installed on the upper edge of a mold 21 and electrically insulated from it by means of a gasket 25.
  • the plant is supplied from a source of alternating or direct current (not shown) by means of feeders 26.
  • the internal cross section of the mold 21 may somewhat increase toward the bottom for the extraction of the ingot to be facilitated.
  • a base 27 and a siphon device 28 are similar to those described above.
  • the base 27 is made vertically movable on a bed-plate 29 connected to a lowering mechanism (not shown).
  • a condition prereguisite for the operation of this plant is that the cross sectional dimensions of the electrode 22 must be at least nine-tenths of the corresponding dimensions of the internal cross section of the mold 21.
  • the volume of the slag pool also increases with melting of the electrode 22, and the power supplied to the plant must be increased.
  • the ingots produced in this plant are designed mainly for processing in rolling mills.
  • Described herein are the most easily realizable exemplary embodiments of the invention with one consumable electrode. It is also possible, however, to remelt two or three electrodes connected correspondingly in series (a bifilar circuit), or with a star or delta connection. Here the total cross section of the electrodes should then approach the internal section of the ingot mold.
  • An electroslag remelting system for the production of a metal ingot by the melting of at least one consumable electrode in a molten slag bath, comprising a cooled base and a mold in which said consumable electrode is placed; a source of electric power; contact device means for connecting said mold and said consumable electrode to said source of power, a portion of said contact device means with insulation means being installed directly on the top of said mold and electrically insulated from said mold; and means including said consumable electrode, said mold, and said portion of said contact device means for maintaining said consumable electrode vertically stationary and incapable of being advanced with respect to said mold during remelting.
  • An electroslag remelting system for the production of a metal ingot by the melting of at least one consumable electrode in a molten slag bath, comprising a cooled base and a mold in whichsaid consumable electrode is placed; a source of electric power; a contact device means for connecting said mold and said consumable electrode to said source of power, a portion of said contact device means with insulation means being installed directly on the top of said mold and electrically insulated from said mold; said consumable electrode having an integral outer shoulder at the upper portion thereof designed to bear directly against said portion of said contact device means; means including said consumable electrode, said mold, and said portion of said contact device means for maintaining said consumable electrode vertically stationary and incapable of being advanced with respect to said mold during remelting; means for adding additional slag to said molten slag bath from the space between said consumable electrode and said mold during the remelting of said consumable electrode; and means to move at least a portion of the mold sidewall away from the formed metal ingot to facilitate removal of said ingot

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
US00060168A 1967-02-25 1970-06-29 Electroslag system for the production of metal castings Expired - Lifetime US3746075A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SU1136880A SU256799A1 (ru) 1967-02-25 Способ электрошлакового переплава
SU1136881 1967-02-25
SU1150103A SU265149A1 (ru) 1967-04-20 Способ электрошлакового переплава
SU1173639 1967-07-17

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US3746075A true US3746075A (en) 1973-07-17

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US00060168A Expired - Lifetime US3746075A (en) 1967-02-25 1970-06-29 Electroslag system for the production of metal castings

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US (1) US3746075A (en])
AT (1) AT297958B (en])
BE (1) BE711199A (en])
FR (1) FR1579522A (en])
GB (1) GB1209197A (en])
SE (1) SE345481B (en])

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050041719A1 (en) * 2003-08-23 2005-02-24 Aune Jan Arthur Electrode arrangement as substitute bottom for an electrothermic slag smelting furnace
US20230175093A1 (en) * 2020-05-06 2023-06-08 Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. Process for smelting steel for ultrafine carborundum wire

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2127239A (en) * 1935-12-11 1938-08-16 Stoody Co Means for producing high melting point alloy castings
US2307001A (en) * 1940-04-18 1942-12-29 Joseph E Johnson Apparatus for producing castings
US2385136A (en) * 1943-04-21 1945-09-18 Kellogg M W Co Apparatus for producing metal bodies
US2385989A (en) * 1942-07-22 1945-10-02 Kellogg M W Co Apparatus for producing metal bodies
US2759034A (en) * 1955-08-15 1956-08-14 Titanium Metals Corp Metal electrode closing device for melting crucibles
US2761002A (en) * 1954-10-21 1956-08-28 Crane Co Safety mold chamber for arc melting furnaces
US2907807A (en) * 1957-03-26 1959-10-06 Gen Electric Electric circuit for cold crucible arc melting furnaces
US3193889A (en) * 1961-07-24 1965-07-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method and apparatus for producing uniform grain refinement in metal ingots

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2127239A (en) * 1935-12-11 1938-08-16 Stoody Co Means for producing high melting point alloy castings
US2307001A (en) * 1940-04-18 1942-12-29 Joseph E Johnson Apparatus for producing castings
US2385989A (en) * 1942-07-22 1945-10-02 Kellogg M W Co Apparatus for producing metal bodies
US2385136A (en) * 1943-04-21 1945-09-18 Kellogg M W Co Apparatus for producing metal bodies
US2761002A (en) * 1954-10-21 1956-08-28 Crane Co Safety mold chamber for arc melting furnaces
US2759034A (en) * 1955-08-15 1956-08-14 Titanium Metals Corp Metal electrode closing device for melting crucibles
US2907807A (en) * 1957-03-26 1959-10-06 Gen Electric Electric circuit for cold crucible arc melting furnaces
US3193889A (en) * 1961-07-24 1965-07-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method and apparatus for producing uniform grain refinement in metal ingots

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050041719A1 (en) * 2003-08-23 2005-02-24 Aune Jan Arthur Electrode arrangement as substitute bottom for an electrothermic slag smelting furnace
US6980580B2 (en) * 2003-08-23 2005-12-27 Alcoa Inc. Electrode arrangement as substitute bottom for an electrothermic slag smelting furnace
US20230175093A1 (en) * 2020-05-06 2023-06-08 Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. Process for smelting steel for ultrafine carborundum wire

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1579522A (en]) 1969-08-29
AT297958B (de) 1972-04-25
GB1209197A (en) 1970-10-21
SE345481B (en]) 1972-05-29
DE1608069B2 (de) 1973-01-25
DE1608069A1 (de) 1971-02-25
BE711199A (en]) 1968-08-23

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